It has been produced for over 4,000 years in the Chinese province of Yunnan, in the Pu'er Prefecture, from which it takes its name. Derived from a large-leaved variety of Camellia sinensis, it is highly prized and a tea category in its own right: the only one to be aged for several years, even decades, after being processed.
After harvesting, the leaves, like green teas, are left to wither in the sun and then dried to prevent oxidation. They are then rolled and dried again, then pressed into bricks, cakes, or disks, which are stacked in special underground cellars or warm, humid caves to slowly age and mature.
The growth of bacteria and mold will make the flavor of Pu'er (raw or Sheng) intense and strong, similar to wet earth, with a very complex aftertaste of forest floor and moss, wood, cocoa, and fruit. and rounded.
The longer the aging, the better the flavor, gradually becoming smoother and less astringent; obviously, the price also increases accordingly. The long fermentation times, the high costs, and the growing interest in this tea have led to the preparation of an alternative Pu'er in China (called cooked, mature, or Shou).
An "accelerated" fermentation and aging process, using controlled humidification and stacking techniques, similar to composting, favor the development of a particular bacterial microflora and allow for the production of a tea similar in appearance and flavor to the aged one in just a few days or at most weeks.
To prepare Pu'er, water at 95-100°C is used; the leaves are placed in a teapot or cup, boiling water is poured in, and after about 10 seconds, the water is discarded: this step serves to clean and hydrate the compressed leaves. Boiling water is then added again, and after 30-40 minutes, the leaves are left to cool. After a few seconds, filter and drink the infusion. Pu'erh is a tea that lends itself to multiple infusions, even 7-8 in a row."